Maria Sharapova: What next for tennis golden girl?

Maria Sharapova tested positive for a recently banned substance, meldonium, at January’s Australian Open and will be provisionally banned by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) on March 12.

A day after the bombshell news surrounding the world’s richest female athlete – the five-time grand slam winner’s estimated net worth is $195 million – we answer five key questions in the case.

So Sharapova admitted to failing the drug test. When will we find out her punishment?

If recent high-profile cases are any indication, authorities will take at least a couple of months to deliver a verdict.

Serbia’s Viktor Troicki, for example, refused to take a blood test in April 2013 at a tournament in Monte Carlo and when the ITF announced his punishment, it came in late July of the same year.

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Marin Cilic’s urine sample showed a banned substance when he was at a tournament in Munich in late April 2013. In sanctioning the Croatian, who won the U.S. Open in 2014, the ITF announced his penalty five months later, in September.

The complexity of cases is a factor, as is the evidence that needs to be examined.

What kind of punishment could Sharapova get?

Banned substances are broken down into non-specified and specified. Meldonium falls into the former category and for a first-time offender like Sharapova, she can be hit with a four-year ban.

However, there is a way for the four-year suspension to be reduced, if it is established that the anti-doping rule violation wasn’t intentional. In that case, the most likely ban is two years.

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Sharapova certainly suggested it wasn’t intentional, claiming she started taking the drug in 2006 for poor health. According to the 28-year-old, several of her electrocardiography (EKG) tests were irregular and she was magnesium deficient.

What is meldonium and when did it become a prohibited substance?

Meldonium is an anti-ischemic drug that is often used to treat heart issues.

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), which formulates the list of banned substances followed by major sports bodies around the world, didn’t have it on its prohibited list prior to 2016.

Why was it added this year, then, under metabolic modulators?

“Meldonium was added (to the prohibited) list because of evidence of its use by athletes with the intention of enhancing performance,” WADA said on its website.

It may boost endurance and aid in the recovery process.

Another website, cleancompetition.org, revealed last October the results of a research project it partly funded which found 182 or 2.2% of 8,300 urine samples collected from athletes contained mildronate, also known as meldonium.

Maria Sharapova of Russia returns a volley en route to a 5-7, 6-2, 6-2 victory over Brie Rippner of the USA during the Pacific Life Open at the Indian Wells Tennis Garden in Indian Wells, California on March 6, 2002. It was Sharapova's professional debut.

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“From an anti-doping perspective, the 2.2% rate in this study was concerning,” Larry Bowers, chairperson of the Partnership for Clean Competition’s scientific board, told the website.

“This figure represents more than twice the overall rate of laboratory findings for a single drug than any of the substances on the Prohibited List.”

That Sharapova didn’t check the updated list raised eyebrows. More surprising is the fact that, according to her lawyer John Haggerty, no one on her team did, either.

“Unfortunately no one from Maria’s team looked at the 2016 banned list but had they done so they would have looked for mildronate and not found it on the list,” Haggerty wrote in an email to CNN.

Sharapova was Russia’s flag bearer at the opening ceremony in London 2012. Can she still play at this year’s Olympics?

Well, if you listen to the president of Russia’s tennis federation, Shamil Tarpischev, the answer is yes.

“I think that it’s nonsense,” Tarpischev, summing up his view of the failed test, was quoted as saying by Russian news agency TASS.

“Athletes take what their physiotherapists advise them. I believe that Sharapova will still have a chance to play at the Olympics though we will see how things are going to develop.”

A member of the International Olympic Committee, Tarpischev is no stranger to making headline grabbing comments.

In 2014, he referred to Serena and Venus Williams, who have won a combined 28 grand slam singles titles in the women’s game, as the “Williams brothers” during a Russian talk show.

And his belief Sharapova will be competing at the Olympics would appear to be highly optimistic.

Sharapova admitted to taking a banned substance, and even if the anti-doping authorities believed her explanation that not seeing meldonium on the updated list was an oversight, she won’t be pardoned. A suspension is sure to follow and will almost certainly rule her out of Rio in August.

LONAVALA, INDIA: Russian tennis player Anna Kournikova looks on during a press conference at the Amby Valley resort in Lonavala, some 180 kms Northeast of Bombay,14 November 2003. Kournikova will leave India today after a four day visit. AFP PHOTO/Sebastian D'SOUZA (Photo credit should read SEBASTIAN D'SOUZA/AFP/Getty Images)

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Which means Sharapova’s topsy-turvy relationship with the Olympics continues. When a strong Russian team was named for the 2004 Olympics in Athens, Sharapova was about three weeks away from winning Wimbledon as a 17-year-old.

She missed the 2008 Games in Beijing with a career-threatening shoulder injury before winning a silver medal in 2012, losing the final to nemesis Serena Williams.

How are sponsors reacting?

With sponsors including Porsche, Tag Heuer, Evian, Avon and Nike on board and Sharapova running her own candy company, Sugarpova, Sharapova has been named the world’s richest female athlete by Forbes for 11 consecutive years.

Those sponsorships and business interests dwarf her career prize money of $37 million.

But even if Sharapova didn’t intend to break the rules, her backers are likely to disassociate themselves. Two have already done so, footwear and apparel giant Nike and watchmaker Tag Heuer.

“We are saddened and surprised by the news about Maria Sharapova,” Nike said in a statement. “We have decided to suspend our relationship with Maria while the investigation continues.”

Tag Heuer, reported CNN Money, is suspending negotiations with Sharapova. Her sponsorship deal was due to expire in December.

Porsche, meanwhile, is postponing its sponsorship activities with her.

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“Such drugs revelations tip the balance of power in favor of sponsors meaning that, in future contract negotiations, the tennis player may have to accept reduced terms when signing new commercial deals,” Professor Simon Chadwick of Manchester’s Salford University told CNN.

“Arguably of more concern for Sharapova’s brand is the impact that drugs associations may have on some of the products she has started to sell in her name,” added Chadwick.

“For example, a confectionary product that youngsters might normally be expected to consume may suffer the consequences of consumer reactions to her positive drugs test.”