Self-isolation, quarantine and stay-at-home: What the terms mean and how they differ

Isolation, quarantine, shelter in place. These are terms we’re hearing a lot of these days, as authorities try to stem the spread of the novel coronavirus that’s sweeping the United States and the rest of the world.

They’re not the same thing, though they all have the goal of keeping others from getting infected. But what do they mean, exactly?

Here are some brief explanations.

Quarantine

This is for people who may have been exposed to the virus. They are asked to stay at home, or as in the case with people who were repatriated from China to the United States, to stay in a provided facility.

They’re required to be in quarantine for 14 days. After that, people who still don’t test positive for the virus no longer have to be in a contained environment.

FILE - In this Wednesday, Jan. 29, 2020, file photo, passengers board buses after arriving on an airplane carrying U.S. citizens being evacuated from Wuhan, China, at March Air Reserve Base in Riverside, Calif. One of the 195 Americans evacuated from the virus outbreak zone in China and housed at a California military base for three days of monitoring tried to leave the base and was placed under quarantine, an official said Thursday, Jan. 30, 2020. (AP Photo/Ringo H.W. Chiu, File)

Related article What it means to be under a federal quarantine

Some people may choose or be asked toself-quarantine, meaning they do it voluntarily because they think they may have been exposed or they are being cautious.

Governments – federal, state and local – can order quarantines, and in fact, those repatriated from China were under a federal quarantine order.

That’s only done in extremely rare situations, though. The last time it was ordered on a large scale was during the Spanish Flu pandemic of 1918-1919, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Isolation

This is for people who actually have the virus or suspect they may be infected.

Those with the virus who need to be hospitalized will be kept in an isolation unit.

Related article Everything you need to prep for home quarantine

People who have been infected with the virus may be asked to self-isolate at home if they have no symptoms or are only mildly ill.

It’s important to call your health provider, in any case, if you develop symptoms.

Those in isolation should keep away from other people as much as possible. The CDC recommends that you use a separate bathroom, if available, wear a face mask when around others, and don’t share household items.

Shelter in place

Until recently, the term “shelter in place” meant for most people an active shooter situation – stay where you until the coast is clear.

Now, millions of Americans have been ordered toshelter in place, and other areas may follow.

These people are being asked to stay at home as much as possible, meaning they shouldn’t be out unless getting food, gas or other essentials, or for medical reasons.

A man crosses a nearly empty street in San Francisco, Tuesday, March 17, 2020. Officials in seven San Francisco Bay Area counties have issued a shelter-in-place mandate affecting about 7 million people, including the city of San Francisco itself. The order says residents must stay inside and venture out only for necessities for three weeks starting Tuesday. (AP Photo/Jeff Chiu)

Related article What is and isn't allowed during a 'shelter-in-place' order

Health professionals, police, firefighters and other essential service providers are still expected to go to work. And of course, grocery store clerks and gas station attendants are working, too.

Going outside for a walk or exercise is allowed, and even encouraged, but people are asked to keep their distance from others.

Answers to some of your top coronavirus questions, every day

It’s all about social distancing, and by now, we probably all know that means keeping six feet apart from other people when out and about.

Stay-at-home

More than a dozen states have issued stay-at-home orders.

California was the first to implement a statewide order of this kind in response to the coronavirus.

California Street, usually filled with iconic cable cars, is seen mostly empty in San Francisco, California on March 17, 2020. - Millions of San Francisco area residents last Monday were ordered to stay home to slow the spread of the deadly coronavirus as part of a lockdown effort covering a section of California including Silicon Valley.

Related article California orders its nearly 40 million residents to stay at home to prevent the spread of coronavirus

Residents can still go out for essential needs as long as they are practicing social distancing and “common sense,” the governor said.

Services including gas stations, pharmacies, grocery stores, farmer markets, and restaurants (providing only takeout and delivery options) as well as banks and laundromats will remain open, the governor’s office said.

Dine-in restaurants, bars, nightclubs, entertainment venues, gyms and fitness studios and convention centers will be closed. Public events and gatherings are also not allowed, the office said.

CNN’s Christina Maxouris contributed to this report.