Remembering the Original 9, the pioneers of women’s tennis who allowed future generations to live their dream

As Naomi Osaka lay down in the centre of Arthur Ashe Stadium, her third grand slam title secured, it offered a moment to reflect on a momentous fortnight, one that saw her return to her fluid best on the court while lending her voice to the fight against racial injustice.

For some of the founding figures of modern tennis, it also offered a chance to reflect on how far the sport has come over the past 50 years.

Osaka became the highest paid female athlete in history after earning $37.4 million over the last year, according to Forbes – a far cry from September 1970 when a group of nine women symbolically signed one dollar contracts, establishing the first women’s professional tennis tournament, in the hope of achieving the same level of recognition enjoyed by their male counterparts.

That group of players, known as the Original 9, laid the foundations for the women’s game as we know it, paving the way for the WTA Tour that governs the women’s game today.

“The reason that these women are making all this money today and we have equal prize money in the majors is because of that moment where we signed our one dollar contracts,” Billie Jean King, a member of the Original 9 and a vociferous campaigner for equal rights, tells CNN Sport’s Don Riddell.

“We created a platform, a global platform … I think we are leaders in women’s sports and I’m really proud of that.”

King holds three checks following her win at Wimbledon in 1973.

Laying the groundwork

The story goes that a group of nine players, including King, enlisted the help of Gladys Heldman, the publisher of World Tennis magazine, to help organize a boycott of the Pacific Southwest Championships that carried a prize purse weighted 12:1 in favor of the men’s draw.

Julie Heldman's biography portrait photo

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With the support of Heldman, a rival tournament, the Houston Women’s Invitational, was staged and financial backing for a breakaway women’s tour followed.

Sponsorship was secured through American cigarette and tobacco company Philip Morris, and from there the Virginia Slims Circuit was born. The inaugural season got underway in January 1971.

But for the players involved – King, Rosie Casals, Heldman’s daughter Julie, Peaches Bartkowicz, Judy Dalton, Kerry Melville Reid, Kristy Pigeon, Nancy Richey, and Valerie Ziegenfuss – those early days were fraught with risk.

“We were suspended (from the main circuit),” Casals recalls to CNN Sport, “we were ostracized by the other players, so it was something that was very meaningful to each of us individually.

“Of course, we had a lot of sleepless nights. We had a lot of meetings, a lot of meetings with Gladys in the bedroom, in the kitchen. There was so much happening while we were trying to also play the tournament (in Houston).”

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Members of the Original 9 recreate an old photo where they posed with one dollar bills having signed to compete in the Virginia Slims Circuit.

Casals remembers how players had to lay down court lines ahead of a Virginia Slims tournament in Long Beach, California, and King jokingly agrees they were “very versatile” – far more than just tennis players.

“We would drive to newspapers and to editors, we’d plead with them, we’d stop cars in the streets and give out tickets,” says the 12-time grand slam winner. “We signed every autograph until nobody was left.”

Equal pay

What motivated the Original 9 was a shared vision for the future of their sport.

“Number one, that any girl born in the world, if she was good enough, would have a place to compete,” says King.

“Number two, that we’d finally be appreciated for our accomplishments, not only our looks.

“And number three, to be able to make a living. And those were our dreams for the future generations and for ours.”

King (right) and Casals take to the court for their Wimbledon semifinal in 1972.

Progress came with time. In 1973, the Virginia Slims Circuit became the Women’s Tennis Association, which in 1994 would become the current version of the WTA Tour, and King also faced – and beat – Bobby Riggs in the famous “Battle of the Sexes” match.

1973 was also the year the US Open offered equal prize money to men and women, although women had to wait until 2007 until all four grand slam tournaments offered equal pay,

King thinks, however, that had the Original 9 not broken from the status quo, then the majors would still be offering pay disparities today.

“I think we would be maybe 20 years behind the times,” Casals says in agreement. “We certainly would not be enjoying what we’re enjoying now.”

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Future generations

The generation after the Original 9 saw the arrival of Chris Evert and Martina Navratilova, each of whom won 18 grand slam singles titles. The pair met 22 times at majors, Navratilova winning 14 times and Evert eight, as they contested arguably the greatest rivalry tennis has seen.

When it comes to today’s players, Casals notes how they are “not involved in the politics of the game (like) we were,” but adds that the likes of Osaka and Coco Gauff – both of whom have raised tennis’ voice amid the Black Lives Matter movement – could change that.

“There’s a legacy that needs to be left by every generation,” she says.

King (left) and Casals stand in front of a photo of the members of the Original 9 holding one dollar notes.

And 50 years since the formation of the Virginia Slims Circuit – the birthplace of women’s tennis – current players can salute the legacy of the Original 9.

“I’d like to think that maybe other women along the way would have done the same thing, but the point is, you took the biggest leap, you did it first, and your generation has inspired mine to continue fighting and striving for change,” 2019 US Open champion Bianca Andreescu recently wrote in an open letter to the Original 9.

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In terms of earning potential, there’s still a wide gap between men’s and women’s sport. Osaka and Serena Williams were the only two female athletes in Forbes’ most recent list of the world’s 100 highest-paid athletes, while only Williams made the list the year before.

King’s influence in the sport was recognized last week when the Fed Cup was renamed the Billie Jean King Cup – the first time a global team competition has been named after a woman – and she acknowledged in the press conference where the announcement was made that we are “not even close to equality in this world” – even though tennis leads the way when it comes to women’s sport.

Yet she can’t help but look on at the likes of Osaka – who received $3 million as she won her second US Open triumph – with pride.

“When I see them getting big checks and winning matches and seeing all the attention they get, then our dreams have come true,” King says.

“They’re living our dreams. And I love it.”